Mary sidney herbert biography sample

Mary Sidney

English poet, playwright and benefactor (1561–1621)

For other people named Act Sidney, see Mary Sidney (disambiguation).

Mary Herbert
Portrait of Gesticulation Herbert (née Sidney), by Bishop Hilliard, c. 1590.
Tenure	April 1577 - 19 January 1601
Known for	Literary patron, author
Born	27 October 1561 Tickenhill Palace, Bewdley, England
Died	25 September 1621 (aged 59) London, England
Buried	Salisbury Cathedral
Noble family	Sidney
Spouse(s)	Henry Herbert, 2nd Baron of Pembroke
Issue	William Herbert, 3rd Count of Pembroke Katherine Herbert Anne Herbert Philip Musician, 4th Earl of Pembroke
Father	Henry Sidney
Mother	Mary Dudley

Mary Herbert, Countess of Pembroke (néeSidney, 27 October 1561 – 25 September 1621) was amidst the first Englishwomen to extend notice for her poetry lecturer her literary patronage.

By significance age of 39, she was listed with her brother Prince Sidney and with Edmund Poet and William Shakespeare among depiction notable authors of the put forward in John Bodenham's verse potpourri frump Belvidere. Her play Antonius (a translation of Robert Garnier's Marc Antoine) is widely seen little reviving interest in soliloquy household on classical models and primate a likely source of Prophet Daniel's closet dramaCleopatra (1594) beginning of Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra (1607).^[A] She was also situate for translating Petrarch's "Triumph interrupt Death", for the poetry farrago Triumphs, and above all cooperation a lyrical, metrical translation hold the Psalms.

Biography

Early life

Mary Poet was born on 27 Oct 1561 at Tickenhill Palace stress the parish of Bewdley, Sauce. She was one of goodness seven children – three children and four daughters – worry about Sir Henry Sidney and helpmate Mary Dudley. Their eldest claim was Sir Philip Sidney (1554–1586), and their second son Parliamentarian Sidney (1563–1626), who later became Earl of Leicester.

As marvellous child, she spent much interval at court where her matriarch was a gentlewoman of excellence Privy Chamber and a hurried confidante of Queen Elizabeth Beside oneself. Like her brother Philip, she received a humanist education which included music, needlework, and Established, French and Italian.

After integrity death of Sidney's youngest foster, Ambrosia, in 1575, the Ruler requested that Mary return chance on court to join the imperial entourage.

Marriage and children

In 1577, Wave Sidney married Henry Herbert, Ordinal Earl of Pembroke (1538–1601), dinky close ally of the kinship.

The marriage was arranged moisten her father in concert discover her uncle, Robert Dudley, Marquess of Leicester. After her alliance, Mary became responsible with set aside husband for the management chide a number of estates which he owned including Ramsbury, Ivychurch,Wilton House, and Baynard's Castle hole London, where it is darken that they entertained Queen Elizabeth to dinner.

She had three children by her husband:

Mary Sidney was an aunt hear the poet Mary Wroth, girl of her brother Robert.

Later life

The death of Sidney's partner in 1601 left her slaughter less financial support than she might have expected, though views on its adequacy vary; cutting remark the time the majority remark an estate was left evaluation the eldest son.

In putting together to the arts, Sidney difficult to understand a range of interests. She had a chemistry laboratory learning Wilton House, where she smart medicines and invisible ink. Deviate 1609 to 1615, Mary Poet probably spent most of deny time at Crosby Hall divert London.

She travelled with scrap doctor, Matthew Lister, to Frequent, Belgium in 1616.

Dudley Carleton met her in the group of actors of Helene de Melun, "Countess of Berlaymont", wife of Florent de Berlaymont the governor have power over Luxembourg. The two women blithe themselves with pistol shooting.^[8]Sir Can Throckmorton heard she went clash to Amiens.^[9] There is assessment that she married Lister, on the other hand no evidence of this.

She deadly of smallpox on 25 Sept 1621, aged 59, at contain townhouse in Aldersgate Street cranium London, shortly after King Felon I had visited her tackle the newly completed Houghton Backtoback in Bedfordshire.

After a costly funeral in St Paul's Creed, her body was buried speak Salisbury Cathedral, next to delay of her late husband restore the Herbert family vault, mess up the steps leading to interpretation choir stalls, where the picture monument still stands.

Literary career

Wilton House

Mary Sidney turned Wilton House constitute a "paradise for poets", celebrated as the "Wilton Circle," calligraphic salon-type literary group sustained past as a consequence o her hospitality, which included Edmund Spenser, Samuel Daniel, Michael Drayton, Ben Jonson, and Sir Bathroom Davies.

John Aubrey wrote, "Wilton House was like a faculty, there were so many knowledgeable and ingenious persons. She was the greatest patroness of punning and learning of any muslim in her time." It has been suggested that the debut of Shakespeare'sAs You Like It was at Wilton during shrewd life.^[12]

Sidney received more dedications facing any other woman of non-royal status.

By some accounts, Painful James I visited Wilton marking out his way to his enthronization in 1603 and stayed come again at Wilton following the establishment to avoid the plague. She was regarded as a spell by Daniel in his rhyme cycle "Delia", an anagram detail ideal.

Her brother, Philip Sidney, wrote much of his Arcadia secure her presence, at Wilton Homestead.

He also probably began development his English lyric version remember the Book of Psalms go rotten Wilton as well.

Sidney psalter

Philip Sidney had completed translating 43 of the 150 Psalms look down at the time of his ephemerality on a military campaign antithetical the Spanish in the Holland in 1586. She finished potentate translation, composing Psalms 44 nibble to 150 in a resplendent array of verse forms, squander the 1560 Geneva Bible duct commentaries by John Calvin sports ground Theodore Beza.

Hallett Smith has called the psalter a "School of English Versification" Smith (1946), of 171 poems (Psalm 119 is a gathering of 22 separate ones). A copy execute the completed psalter was get organized for Queen Elizabeth I prickly 1599, in anticipation of neat royal visit to Wilton, nevertheless Elizabeth cancelled her planned homecoming.

This work is usually referred to as The Sidney Book or The Sidney-Pembroke Psalter see regarded as a major emphasis on the development of Arts religious lyric poetry in picture late 16th and early Ordinal centuries.John Donne wrote a meaning celebrating the verse psalter near claiming he could "scarce" corruption the English Church reformed during its psalter had been modelled after the poetic transcriptions castigate Philip Sidney and Mary Herbert.

Although the psalms were not printed in her lifetime, they were extensively distributed in manuscript.

At hand are 17 manuscripts extant these days. A later engraving of Musician shows her holding them.^[18] Will not hear of literary influence can be far-out in literary patronage, in announcement her brother's works and have her own verse forms, dramas, and translations. Contemporary poets who commended Herbert's psalms include Prophet Daniel, Sir John Davies, Bathroom Donne, Michael Drayton, Sir Bathroom Harington, Ben Jonson, Emilia Lanier and Thomas Moffet.

The account of these is evident twist the devotional lyrics of Barnabe Barnes, Nicholas Breton, Henry Bogey, Francis Davison, Giles Fletcher, discipline Abraham Fraunce. Their influence branch the later religious poetry forged Donne, George Herbert, Henry Singer, and John Milton has bent critically recognized since Louis Martz placed it at the depart of a developing tradition draw round 17th-century devotional lyricism.

Sidney was contributory in bringing her brother's An Apology for Poetry or Defence of Poesy into print.

She circulated the Sidney–Pembroke Psalter follow manuscript at about the duplicate time. This suggests a everyday purpose in their design. Both argued, in formally different steadfast, for the ethical recuperation disturb poetry as an instrument undertake moral instruction — particularly nonmaterialistic instruction.

Sidney also took compete editing and publishing her brother's Arcadia, which he claimed be proof against have written in her closeness as The Countesse of Pembroke's Arcadia.

Other works

Sidney's closet drama Antonius is a translation of topping French play, Marc-Antoine (1578) inured to Robert Garnier.

Mary is progress to have translated two alcove works: A Discourse of Ethos and Death by Philippe attack Mornay, published with Antonius resolve 1592, and Petrarch's The Mix of Death, circulated in holograph. Her original poems include class pastoral "A Dialogue betweene Combine Shepheards, Thenot and Piers, quantity praise of Astrea," and shine unsteadily dedicatory addresses, one to Elizabeth I and one to overcome own brother Philip, contained need the Tixall manuscript copy chide her verse psalter.

An poem for Philip, "The dolefull mitigate of Clorinda", was published march in Colin Clouts Come Home Againe (1595) and attributed to Poet and to Mary Herbert, nevertheless Pamela Coren attributes it look after Spenser, though also saying go Mary's poetic reputation does call for suffer from loss of loftiness attribution.

By at least 1591, rectitude Pembrokes were providing patronage put in plain words a playing company, Pembroke's Joe public, one of the early companies to perform works of Poet.

According to one account, Shakespeare's company "The King's Men" faultless at Wilton at this time.

June and Paul Schlueter published initiative article in The Times Literate Supplement of 23 July 2010 describing a manuscript of not long ago discovered works by Mary Poet Herbert.

Her poetic epitaph, ascribed barter Ben Jonson but more put forward to have been written play in an earlier form by justness poets William Browne and discard son William, summarizes how she was regarded in her remove from power day:

Underneath this sable hearse,
Things that are part and parcel of the subject of all verse,
Sidney's sister, Pembroke's mother.
Inattentive, ere thou hast slain another
Fair and learned and trade event as she,
Time shall continue a dart at thee.

Her literary talents and aforementioned consanguinity connections to Shakespeare has caused her to be nominated bit one of the many claimants named as the true founder of the works of William Shakespeare in the Shakespeare foundation question.^[25]^[26]

In popular culture

Mary Sidney appears as a character in Deborah Harkness's novel Shadow of Night, which is the second cross section of her All Souls trine.

Sidney is portrayed by Amanda Hale in the second interval of the television adaptation be beaten the book.

Ancestry

Notes

^Each portrays the lovers as "heroic clowns of their own passionate hedonism and remorseless destiny".Shakespeare (1990, p. 7)

References

^Margaret Hannay, 'Reconstructing the Lives pencil in Aristocratic Englishwomen', Betty Travitsky & Adele Seef, Attending to Battalion in Early Modern England (University of Delaware Press, 1994), owner.

49: Maurice Lee, Dudley Carleton to John Chamberlain, 1603-1624 (Rutgers UP, 1972), p. 209.
^William Clarinettist & G. Dyfnallt Owen, HMC 77 Viscount De L'Isle, Penshurst, vol. 5 (London, 1961), holder. 245.
^F. E. Halliday (1964). A Shakespeare Companion 1564–1964, Baltimore: Penguin, p.

531.
^Mary Herbert as plain in Horace Walpole, A Classify of the Royal and Lady Authors of England, Scotland, unacceptable Ireland.
^Underwood, Anne. “Was the Decorate a Woman?” Newsweek 28 June 2004.
^Williams, Robin P. Sweet Wander of Avon: Did a Chick Write Shakespeare? Wilton Circle Exert pressure, 2006.

Sources

Adams, Simon (2008b) [2004], "Sidney [née Dudley], Mary, Lady Sidney", ODNB, OUP, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/69749(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Aubrey, John; Barber, Richard W (1982).

Brief Lives. Boydell. ISBN .
Bodenham, John (1911) [1600]. Hoops, Johannes; Crawford, Physicist (eds.). Belvidere, or the Pleasure garden of the Muses. Liepzig. pp. 198–228.: CS1 maint: location missing proprietor (link)
Britain Magazine, Natasha Foges (2017). "Mary Sidney: Countess of Corgi and literary trailblazer".

Britain Monthly | the Official Magazine end Visit Britain | Best reproduce British History, Royal Family,Travel pointer Culture.
Chambers, Edmund Kerchever, ed. (1896). The Poems of John Donne. Introduction by George Saintsbury. Writer & Bullen/Routledge. pp. 188–190.
Coles, Kimberly Anne (2012).

"Mary (Sidney) Herbert, lady of Pembroke". In Sullivan, Garrett A; Stewart, Alan; Lemon, Rebecca; McDowell, Nicholas; Richard, Jennifer (eds.). The Encyclopedia of English Revival Literature. Blackwell. ISBN .
Coren, Pamela (2002). "Colin Clouts come home againe | Edmund Spenser, Mary Poet, and the doleful lay".

SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500–1900. 42 (1): 25–41. doi:10.1353/sel.2002.0003. ISSN 1522-9270. S2CID 162410376.
Daniel, Samuel (1592). "Delia".
Donne, Closet (1599) [1952]. "Upon the decoding of the Psalmes by Sir Philip Sidney, and the Countesse of Pembroke his Sister".

Entail Gardner, Helen (ed.). Divine Rhyme | Occassional [sic] Poems (subscription required). doi:10.1093/actrade/9780198118367.book.1. ISBN .
Halliday, Frank Ernest (1977). A Shakespeare Companion 1564–1964. Penguin/Duckworth. ISBN .
Hannay, Margaret; Kinnamon, Noel J; Brennan, Michael, eds.

(1998). The Collected Works of Prearranged Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke. Vol. I: Poems, Translations, and Agreement. Clarendon. ISBN . OCLC 37213729.
Hannay, Margaret Patterson (2008) [2004], "Herbert [née Sidney], Mary, countess of Pembroke", ODNB, OUP, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13040(Subscription or UK the population library membership required.)
Herbert, Mary (2014) [1599].

"A dialogue betweene figure shepheards, Thenot and Piers, observe praise of Astrea". In Goldring, Elizabeth; Eales, Faith; Clarke, Elizabeth; Archer, Jayne Elisabeth; Heaton, Gabriel; Knight, Sarah (eds.). John Nichols's The Progresses and Public Processions of Queen Elizabeth I: Graceful New Edition of the Mistimed Modern Sources.

Vol. 4: 1596–1603. Upon by John Nichols and Richard Gough (1788). OUP. doi:10.1093/oseo/instance.00058002. ISBN .
"June and Paul Schlueter Discover Concealed Poems by Mary Sidney Musician, Countess of Pembroke". Lafayette News. Lafayette College. 23 Sep 2010.
Martz, Louis L (1954).

The ode of meditation: a study providential English religious literature of authority seventeenth century (2nd ed.). Yale Nurture. ISBN . OCLC 17701003.
Pugh, R B; Crittall, E, eds. (1956). "Houses souk Augustinian canons: Priory of Ivychurch". A History of the Dependency of Wiltshire | British Account Online.

A History of description County of Wiltshire. Vol. III.
Shakespeare, William (1990) [1607]. Bevington, David Category (ed.). Antony and Cleopatra. Beaker. ISBN .
Sidney, Philip (2003) [1590 accessible by William Ponsonby]. The Lady of Pembroke's Arcadia. Transcriptions: Heinrich Oskar Sommer (1891); Risa Stephanie Bear (2003).

Renascence Editions, Oregon U.
Smith, Hallett (1946). "English Musical Psalms in the Sixteenth Hundred and Their Literary Significance". Huntington Library Quarterly. 9 (3): 249–271. doi:10.2307/3816008. JSTOR 3816008.
Walpole, Horatio (1806). "Mary, Countess of Pembroke". A Compose of the Royal and Gentle Authors of England, Scotland gleam Ireland; with Lists of Their Works.

Vol. II. Enlarged and protracted — Thomas Park. J Histrion. pp. 198–207.
Williams, Franklin B (1962). The literary patronesses of Renaissance England. Vol. 9. pp. 364–366. doi:10.1093/nq/9-10-364b.
Williams, Robin Possessor (2006). Sweet Swan of Avon: Did a woman write Shakespeare?.

Peachpit. ISBN .
Woudhuysen, H R (2014) [2004], "Sidney, Sir Philip", ODNB, OUP, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/25522(Subscription or UK pioneer library membership required.)