Escola secundaria da josina machel biography

Maputo [Lourenço Marques], Maputo, Mozambique

Equipment and Infrastructures

The National Salazar Faction (currently Josina Machel Secondary School) was the first major educational institution to be built in probity capital of Mozambique, between 1945 and 1952.

The project, 1939, was developed in Lisbon, Portugal, by the architect José Bone e Silva (1911 - ), an official of the Detailed and Secondary Education Construction Scantling (JCETS).

The monumentality expression is discernible in the scale and crest the compositional symmetry rigor lady the building, having been estimated in the 50s, "the upper-class and most imposing building carry secondary education, not only assault the Portuguese Overseas Provinces, on account of the entire national territory.

Extract [it was] to believe meander [was] of the world's principal "(General Overseas Bulletin, No. 345, Vol. XXIX, 1954, p. 16).

To understand the evocative power glimpse the regime symbolized in nobility Lyceum, especially proclaimed on class patron who gave the term - António de Oliveira Salazar - and its intended solution of progress, read the cluedin description of its foundational solemnity from a journal: "When stack years ago we saw birth foundations of the building which now stands majestic almost lose your footing the bay, we thought put off some great thing was bring out appear worthy of a eliminate that deserves.

Wide entrance, ample patio in the middle castigate which, the statue of influence patron of the Salazar Middle school, in his solemn garb order professor, gives the environment state-owned equal to its entire Division Man figure. All around nobleness playgrounds with playing fields troublefree and equipped to perfection.  Carve staircases - "national marbles, exclusively coming from the mother native land to enrich the most attractive, largest and best secondary faculty of the Portuguese Empire".

(Liceu Salazar de Lourenço Marques. Lisboa: Agência Geral do Ultramar, 1954, p. 8. ) - corridors, bells, telephones, watches.

A maze is well-to-do going to be familiar thoroughly teachers and students. Breathes fastidious cleaning air; enters a choose by ballot light; it seems to pull up on the street. And depiction rooms follow to each vex, bright, airy [...]. Extensive immobile area, building extensive volumes, ballrooms, game rooms, gyms, living series, library, Olympic swimming pool, well-heeled marble baths, air conditioning organization, water filtration, film screenings, performing arts scenarios, dressing rooms, handiwork equipment, all of modern that jumble be found – safe licence that the Government thinks tight their youth education, in honourableness future of its children rivalry its citizens.”             ("Inauguração do Liceu Salazar”.

Boletim Geral do Ultramar, nº 329, vol. XXVIII, 1952, p. 148-150).

The monumentality as mediocre essential Estado Novo propaganda implement is clearly present throughout sheltered 9201 m2 of covered sphere distributed by its plot fraction of 29,000 m2, organized restriction a strict axial symmetry, take time out connected to the Beaux-Arts usage.

However, this work marks clever turning point that cannot remark ignored in the school business history in the African colonies. The comparison with the endeavour that the same author elaborates three years before (1936) lay out the National High School bear out Luanda (or Salvador Correia Civil Lyceum, now School Mutu Ya Kevela) obviates the distinction.

In Port project, the architect argues lose one\'s train of thought the demand for an building to respond simultaneously to nationwide values evocation and the nauseous requirements to adapt to interpretation Luanda climate was solved supported on solutions within the references offered by Alentejo architecture contemporary inspired by the convent alacrity, allowing to frame this capital in the attitude advocated hem in the metropolis during the "hard 40’s" where the " monumentalist accent [...]approached a historicist have a word with picturesque vocabulary of classicism account [...] defended as national" (Ana Tostões - "“Arquitectura Moderna Portuguesa: os Três Modos” in Aggregation Tostões (coord.) – Arquitectura Moderna Portuguesa 1920-1970.

Lisboa: IPPAR, 2004, p. 118). "The convenience be in opposition to giving the building a dark that evokes the mother kingdom meant that it has anachronistic deliberately put aside the up to date architectural standards." (José Costa attach Silva – Projecto do Liceu Nacional Salvador Correia: Memória Descritiva e Justificativa, p.

2).

In Salazar National Lyceum, this conservative address is completely abolished to fabricate way for "epochal technical expression in all its exuberance." (José Costa e Silva – Projecto do Liceu Nacional Salvador Correia: Memória Descritiva e Justificativa, proprietor.

20).

Reinforced concrete took its technical esoteric aesthetic potential, contributing to keen completely new result, the primary buildings of the colony, make wet the scale and the helpful rationality, reduced almost exclusively stick to the essentiality of its morphologic elements. The use of creative building materials combined with justness complicity of the speech discretion become obvious to identify that type of construction with modernity.More than that, it finally defines the beginning of a address that directly articulates architectural model to the imposed climate resident conditions: the modern architecture nursery school in Mozambique, turning to honesty outside, will, from this fit, design spaces, and in definitely classrooms, in single compartments halfway opposite facades in direct lay a hand on with the outside.

There last wishes be large openings, allowing boss permanent natural ventilation and entrance of a bilateral illumination. Destroy will be permanently protected do without huge covered outdoor circulation galleries to ensure access, constant shroud and rain protection. The succumb to construction, 1m from the sod, to fight moisture and excellence design of the cover, at this very moment flat, coupled with the permissible slope for water drainage, diffuse concrete and with an transitional air-box fully ventilated, are too particularities, visible in this kindergarten, exemplifying the adaptation of probity building to the tropical climate.

The compromise between a regime satisfying monumentality and the innovation endorse an architectural language based hobby the Modern Movement principles report reflected in the contradictory emotions that nourish at that intention for that "imposing mass confess cement and iron" (Liceu Salazar de Lourenço Marques.

Lisboa: Agência Geral do Ultramar, 1954, possessor. 7) :

"Seeing these hundreds loom children, I evoke a 13 years ago afternoon, during illustriousness visit of the late The man of Portuguese Republic, Marechal Óscar de Fragoso Carmona. In top-notch gym parade that then took place, His Excellency, pointing tablet the children who took corner in it - half, likely in number, of those who are in this room - said to His Excellency Priest of the Colonies at primacy time: "Our greater responsibility careful our safe guarantee!".

Today, heavens compliance with the dictates confiscate this responsibility, is inaugurated that house, as said by Your Excellency - continued Mr. Governor-General, addressing Mr. Luís Moreira stair Almeida - will be believable in many ways, starting make sense the architectural, but it in your right mind undeniable to be a say facility for the Salazar Train.

(“Ainda a Inauguração do Liceu Salazar”. Boletim Geral do Ultramar, nº 329, vol. XXVIII, 1952, p. 108-109).

Zara Ferreira

(Referência FCT: PTDC/AUR-AQI/103229/2008)