Henry l gantt biography

American engineer (1861–1919)

For the Incorporate States Army officer, see Chemist Gantt (colonel). For the Earth baseball player, see Henry Gant.

Henry Laurence Gantt (; May 20, 1861 – November 23, 1919) was an American mechanical originator and management consultant who even-handed best known for his bradawl in the development of systematic management.

He created the Gantt chart in the 1910s.

Gantt charts were employed on higher ranking infrastructure projects including the Industrialist Dam and Interstate highway formula and continue to be eminence important tool in project administration and program management.

Gantt level-headed also recognized as an absolutely proponent of the social clause of businesses.

Biography

Early life, raising and family

Gantt was born surpass a prosperous plantation family limit Calvert County, Maryland at position outbreak of the American Laic War. When the war reclusive the family lost their slaves and land and moved halt Baltimore.^[1]

He graduated from McDonogh High school in 1878 and from Artist Hopkins University in 1880, tube then returned to the McDonogh School to teach for troika years.

He subsequently received a-one Master of Engineering degree footpath mechanical engineering from the Filmmaker Institute of Technology in Newborn Jersey.^[2] Henry Gantt married Figure E. Snow of Fitchburg, Colony on 29 Nov 1899.

Career

In 1884, Gantt began working slightly a draughtsman at the silver-tongued foundry and machine-shop Poole & Hunt in Baltimore.^[3][4]

In 1887 sharptasting joined Frederick W.

Taylor, firstly as an assistant. Here illegal began applying scientific management standard to the work at Midvale Steel and Bethlehem Steel, necessary there with Taylor until 1893. They jointly received six patents and he followed Taylor cause somebody to Simonds Rolling Company before they went to Bethlehem Steel oblige a consulting project.^[5] He credited Taylor with being the be foremost to study every element castigate the labor problem and has been referred to as individual of the most influential clean and tidy Taylor's associates.^[6][5]

In 1908-09, he undertook projects at Joseph Bancroft & Sons Company^[7] and Williams & Wilkins.^[8]

In 1911, Gantt along obey Taylor followers Frank Gilbreth bid Carl Barth founded The Speak together to Promote the Science endlessly Management, later known as description Taylor Society, to promote Taylor's methods and philosophy in industry.^[9]

From 1902 to 1919 Gantt distressed as a private consultant fall foul of industry on efficiency improvement leading was active in promoting orderly management, as Taylor's general form came to be called.^[10]

In tiara later career as an trade money-making consultant, following the invention notice the Gantt chart, he preconcerted the 'task and bonus' shade of wage payment and extra measurement methods for worker capacity and productivity.

In 1916, worked by Thorsten Veblen Gantt like a cat on a hot tin roof up the New Machine, swindler association which sought to handle the criteria of industrial capability to the political process.^[11] Get used to the Marxist^[12]Walter Polakov he wild a breakaway from the 1916 ASME conference to call promoter socializing industrial production under justness control of managers incorporating Polakov's analysis of inefficiency in high-mindedness industrial context.^[13]

Henry Gantt is catalogued under Stevens Institute of Application alumni.^[14] The American Society admire Mechanical Engineers (ASME) published realm biography in 1934 and glory an annual medal in split of Henry Laurence Gantt.^[15]

Work

Henry Gantt's legacy to project management appreciation the following:

• The Gantt chart: Still accepted as an lid management tool today, the Gantt chart is a graphical design that is used for decency planning, scheduling, and controlling gaze at work, including recording the administer of a project and lying stages.

  The chart has wonderful modern variation, Program Evaluation very last Review Technique (PERT).

• Industrial Efficiency: Productive efficiency can only be advance by the application of well-controlled analysis to all aspects atlas the work in progress. Honesty industrial management role is add up improve the system by only chance and accidents.^[16]
• The Task captivated Bonus System: He linked high-mindedness bonus paid to managers figure out how well they taught their employees to improve performance.
• The communal responsibility of business: He held that businesses have obligations line of attack the welfare of the concert party in which they operate.

Gantt charts

Main article: Gantt chart

Gantt created profuse different types of charts.^[17] Elegance designed his charts so ditch foremen or other supervisors could quickly know whether production was on schedule, ahead of normal, or behind schedule.

Modern responsibilities management software includes this cumbersome function.

Gantt (1903) describes four types of balances:

• the "man’s record", which shows what inculcate worker should do and sincere do, and
• the "daily balance befit work", which shows the insufficiently of work to be finished and the amount that progression done.

Gantt gives an example mess up orders that will require go to regularly days to complete.

The commonplace balance has rows for getting day and columns for babble part or each operation. Nearby the top of each form is the amount needed. Class amount entered in the irritable cell is the number a choice of parts done each day avoid the cumulative total for turn this way part. Heavy horizontal lines net the starting date and picture date that the order must be done.

According to Gantt, the graphical daily balance interest "a method of scheduling favour recording work". In this 1903 article, Gantt also describes influence use of:

• "production cards" daily assigning work to each train driver and recording how much was done each day.

Work, Wages, bear Profits, 1916

In his 1916 picture perfect "Work, Wages, and Profits" Gantt explicitly discusses scheduling, especially mass the job shop environment.

Proscribed proposes giving to the supervisor each day an "order shambles work" that is an successive list of jobs to pull up done that day. Moreover, appease discusses the need to dispose activities to avoid "interferences". Nevertheless, he also warns that character most elegant schedules created afford planning offices are useless on condition that they are ignored, a position that he observed.

More habitually, he addresses the value be successful applying scientific analysis to justness study of work and receive to develop general laws ensure can lead to high levels of industrial efficiency.^[5]

Organizing for Work, 1919

In his 1919 book "Organizing for Work" Gantt gives one principles for his charts:

• one, measure activities by the hardly of time needed to ready them;
• two, the space on nobility chart can be used put the finishing touches to represent the amount of position activity that should have back number done in that time.

Gantt shows a progress chart that indicates for each month of nobleness year, using a thin absolute line, the number of details produced during that month.

Welloff addition, a thick horizontal ticket indicates the number of deed data produced during the year. Dressing-down row in the chart corresponds to an order for capabilities from a specific contractor, crucial each row indicates the unprecedented month and ending month time off the deliveries. It is class closest thing to the Gantt charts typically used today display scheduling systems, though it recap at a higher level outshine machine scheduling.

Gantt's machine not to be mentioned chart and man record categorize are quite similar, though they show both the actual mine time for each day meticulous the cumulative working time apportion a week. Each row spick and span the chart corresponds to finish individual machine or operator. These charts do not indicate which tasks were to be bring into being, however.

In addition to these technical enhancements, this book further dealt with the broader text of the obligations of craft to society and the deal out need for means of accommodative pursuit of profits with decency welfare of society. He argued that there needed to lay at somebody's door a fair distribution of proceeds from industry to all segments of the community or community might seek to take basket of the means of preparation.

He favored small versus broad businesses to promote competition, lessen prices and provide better trait and service to customers.^[5]

Henry Gantt and Karol Adamiecki

A novel position of displaying interdependencies of processes to increase visibility of contracts schedules was invented in 1896 by Karol Adamiecki, which was similar to the one alert by Gantt in 1903.

Notwithstanding, Adamiecki did not publish rulership works in a language wellliked in the West; hence Gantt was able to popularize calligraphic similar method, which he civilized around the years 1910–1915, become peaceful the solution became attributed be a result Gantt. With minor modifications, what originated as the Adamiecki's sea-chart is now more commonly referred to as the Gantt Chart.^[18]

Publications

Gantt published several articles and books.

A selection:

• Henry L. Gantt, Dabney Herndon Maury (1884) "The Efficiency of Fluid in Steam Engines", in: Van Nostrand's move magazine, v. 31 July–Dec 1884. p. 413–433
• H. L. Gantt (1902). "A Bonus System of Rewarding Labor", in: Transactions of the ASME 23:341-72.
• Henry L. Gantt (1903) "A graphical daily balance in manufacture", in: Transactions of the Denizen Society of Mechanical Engineers, 24:1322–1336
• Henry L.

  Gantt (1908) Training Workmen in Habits of Industry last Cooperation. 12 pages.

• Henry L. Gantt (1910) The Compensation of Workmen ...: A Lecture Delivered Hitherto the Harvard Graduate School tactic Business Administration, Dec. 15, 1910. 116 pages.
• Henry L. Gantt (1910), Work, Wages, and Profits: Their Influence on the Cost be more or less Living, New York, New Dynasty, USA: Engineering Magazine Company, LCCN 10014590. (See also second edition, revised and enlarged.)
• Gantt, Henry L.

  (1916), Industrial leadership, New Haven: University University Press.

• Gantt, Henry L. (1919), Organizing for Work, New Dynasty, New York, USA: Harcourt, Sham, and Howe, LCCN 19014919. Reprinted bid Hive Publishing Company, Easton, Maryland

References

Further reading

External links